Roofing & Exterior

Roof Pitch Calculator

Convert rise and horizontal run into pitch, slope angle, rafter slope length and the roof-area multiplier.

Free to useUS & metric displayFormula and worked example below

Geometry and exterior product inputs

US customary measurements. Prices are in USD.

ft
ft

Calculation breakdown

  • Run is horizontal distance, not distance measured along the roof.
  • The geometric slope length is not a cut list for roof framing.

Measurement basis

Roof pitch compares vertical rise with horizontal run, while an angle uses degrees and a rafter length follows the slope. This calculator translates a safely obtained rise-and-run measurement into all three forms. It also reports the multiplier that converts a horizontal roof projection into sloped surface area when pitch is uniform. The slope length represents a straight geometric line between the two measurement points. It excludes overhangs, ridge deductions, birdsmouth cuts and framing allowances, so it should not be treated as a ready-to-cut rafter schedule.

Geometry, units and worked example

Pitch = 12 × rise ÷ run. Angle = arctan(rise ÷ run). Slope length = √(rise² + run²). Area factor = √[1 + (rise ÷ run)²].

A worked example

A rise of 6 ft over a 12 ft horizontal run is 6/12 pitch, 26.57°, 50% slope, a 1.1180 area multiplier and 13.42 ft geometric slope length.

Enter consistent dimensions

  1. Use rise and horizontal run measured in the same units.
  2. Read pitch as rise per 12 inches of horizontal distance.
  3. Use the multiplier only for roof areas sharing that pitch.

Where the model stops

  • A zero rise is a flat geometric plane, not a drainage recommendation.
  • Do not climb onto a roof merely to obtain dimensions for this calculator.
  • A framing member’s cut length includes project-specific geometry beyond this right triangle.

Frequently asked questions

Is 6/12 pitch the same as 50 percent slope?

Yes. Six units of rise over twelve horizontal units is a 0.5 ratio, or 50%.

Is 6/12 pitch a 45 degree roof?

No. Its angle is about 26.57 degrees. A 12/12 pitch is 45 degrees.

Can slope distance be entered as run?

No. Run must be horizontal; slope distance is longer on a pitched roof.

Read the project guides

Calculation method: JICWH methodology. Examples are planning assumptions, not product recommendations.

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